Anti-Monopoly Law and Practice in China【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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CHAPTER 1: Legislative History of the Anti-Monopoly Law7

Ⅰ. A Brief Overview of the Context and History Behind the Drafting of the Anti-Monopoly Law8

Ⅱ. The Anti-Monopoly Law: Background and Substantive Provisions20

A. The Objectives of the Law20

B. Extraterritorial Reach of the Law23

C. Application of the Law to Regulated Sectors of the Economy24

D. Market Definition27

E. Prohibition of Concerted Action28

F. Abuse of Dominance31

G. Merger Review37

H. Administrative Abuses41

I. The Anti-Monopoly Enforcement Authority45

J. Legal Liability51

K. Abuses of Intellectual Property Rights and Other Supplementary Provisions55

CHAPTER 2: Monopoly Agreements57

Ⅰ. Scope of Application of Chapter 2 of the AML61

A. The Notion of an "Undertaking"61

B. The Notion of"Agreement"62

1. Tacit Collusion as an "Agreement" under the AML63

2. Tacit Acquiescence in Vertical Relationships64

3. Intraenterprise Agreements65

C. The Notion of a "Restriction of Competition"66

D. The Element of Intent67

Ⅱ. Prohibited Monopoly Agreements Between Competitors68

A. Price-Fixing Agreements69

B. Agreements to Restrict Output70

C. Market Allocation Agreements71

D. Agreements to Restrict the Purchase or Development of New Technology or New Facilities72

E. Joint Boycotts74

F. Other Monopoly Agreements as Recognized by the AMEA75

G. Bid-Rigging76

Ⅲ. Prohibited Vertical Agreements76

A. Resale Price Maintenance76

B. Other Vertical Agreements78

Ⅳ. Exemptions for Agreements with Beneficial Purposes78

A. R&D Agreements81

B. Agreements Enhancing Efficiency or Unifying Specifications and Standards82

C. Agreements Involving Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises82

D. Agreements Maintaining the Public Welfare83

E. Crisis Cartels83

F. Export Cartels84

G. Other Exemptions Stipulated by Law or the State Council86

CHAPTER 3: Abuse of Dominance89

Ⅰ. Assessment of a Dominant Market Position91

A. Market Definition91

B. Definition of Dominance94

C. Presumptions of Dominance Based on Market Shares96

D. Factors to Be Considered in Determining Whether a Firm Has a Dominant Market Position99

Ⅱ. Conduct that May Constitute Abuse of a Dominant Market Position106

A. Unfairly High Prices and Unfairly Low Prices106

B. Selling at Prices Below Cost (Predatory Pricing)109

C. Refusals to Deal110

D. Exclusive Dealing113

E. Tying and Imposing Other Unreasonable Trading Conditions115

F. Discriminatory Treatment, Including Price Discrimination116

G. Abuses of a Dominant Market Position Involving Intellectual Property117

Ⅲ. Court Decisions117

CHAPTER 4: Merger Control123

Ⅰ. Introduction125

Ⅱ. The Scope and Reach of China's Merger Control Scheme127

A. Covered Transactions127

B. Extraterritorial Jurisdiction and Nexus131

C. Industry-Specific and National Security Review133

Ⅲ. Thresholds and Eligible Transactions138

A. Mandatory ReviewThresholds138

B. Discretionary and Voluntary Reviews142

C. Penalties for Failure to File144

Ⅳ. Review Process145

A. Filing147

1. Who Files and When to File147

2. Filing Attempts and Acceptance148

B. Initial Review Period149

C. Further Review Periods150

Ⅴ. Detailed Information Requirements151

A. Initial Merger Filing151

B. Investigation153

C. Third Parties154

Ⅵ. Substantive Standards154

A. Overall Review Criteria154

B. Relevant Markets and Market Definition155

C. Theories of Anticompetitive Effects158

D. Procompetitive Effects and Effciencies164

Ⅶ. MOFCOM Decisions166

A. Approvals166

B. Denials167

C. Conditional Approvals167

D. Appeal171

Ⅷ. Conclusion173

CHAPTER 5: Cases Involving Government-Related Entities175

Ⅰ. Administrative Monopolies177

A. The Treatment of Administrative Monopoly Under the AML181

B. Procedural Rules Addressing Administrative Monopoly183

1. Jurisdiction of SAIC and NDRC183

2. SAIC Procedural Rules184

3. NDRC Rules188

C. Jurisdiction in the Courts188

Ⅱ. State-Owned Enterprises190

A. History and Regulation of SOEs191

1. The Role of SOEs in a "Socialist Market Economy"191

2. SASAC Oversight of SOEs193

B. Application of the AML to SOEs194

C. Actual AML Enforcement Against SOEs197

1. Merger Control198

2. Monopoly Agreements and Abuses of Dominance199

3. Litigation200

Ⅲ. Trade Associations200

CHAPTER 6: Intellectual Property Rights Under the AML209

Ⅰ. China's Increased Focus on Intellectual Property Rights213

Ⅱ. Abuses of IP Rights: Article 55 of the AML216

A. Rights Covered by Article 55 of the AML216

B. The Meaning of Article 55 of the AML217

1. A Safe Harbor for Some IP Exploitation219

2. Abuse/Misuse of IP Rights220

Ⅲ. Technology Transfer Agreements222

A. Agreements Between Competitors (Article 13 of the AML)223

B. Agreements Between Noncompetitors (Article 14 of the AML)226

Ⅳ. Refusals to License Intellectual Property Rights227

Ⅴ. Technology Pools and Standards231

A. Technology Pools232

B. Standard-Settings Agreements235

1. Standards Setting Outside the AML Framework235

2. Standards Under the AML243

Ⅵ. Abuse of Technological Protection Measures245

Ⅶ. Anticompetitive IP Litigation250

Ⅷ. Enforcement and Remedies255

CHAPTER 7: The Enforcement Agencies: AMC and AMEA261

Ⅰ. Enforcement Structure263

A. The Anti-MonopolyCommission266

B. The Anti-Monopoly Enforcement Authorities: MOFCOM, SAIC, and NDRC267

1. MOFCOM270

2. SAIC273

3. NDRC277

C. Other Relevant Government Agencies281

Ⅱ. Powers and Duties of the AMEA282

A. Investigative Powers282

B. Commitments285

C. Decisions286

D. Penalties287

E. Leniency290

F. Malfeasance by Enforcement Personnel294

Ⅲ. Rights of Persons Under Investigation295

A. The Rightto Be Heard295

B. Confidentiality295

C. Attorney-Client Privilege296

Ⅳ. Administrative Reconsideration of AMEAs' Decisions296

Ⅴ. International Cooperation and Coordination of Anti-Monopoly Authorities297

A. Bilateral Cooperation and Exchanges297

B. Multilateral Cooperation and International Organizations299

CHAPTER 8: The Role of the Courts in AML Enforcement301

Ⅰ. The PRC Judicial System303

A. Overview303

B. The Structure of the Court System305

C. Procedural Issues307

1. Case Acceptance307

2. Jurisdictional Issues307

3. Limitations Period312

4. Evidence and Burdens of Proof313

5. Expert and Economic Evidence315

Ⅱ. Basis for Judicial Enforcement of Anti-Monopoly Matters316

A. Private Civil Enforcement316

1. Civil AML Litigation316

2. Civil Litigation Under Competition-Related Laws320

B. Administrative Litigation322

1. Judicial Review of AMEA Enforcement322

2. Private Actions Against Administrative Monopolies325

C. Criminal Prosecution326

CHAPTER 9: Competition-Related Laws Other than the AML329

Ⅰ. The Anti-Unfair Competition Law331

A. Introduction331

B. Competition-Related Provisions of the AUCL333

1. General Provision333

2. Abuse of Monopoly Position to Restrict Competition by Public Utility Companies and Other Legal Monopolies335

3. Below-Cost Selling338

4. Tying339

5. Bid-Rigging342

6. Abuses of Administrative Monopoly342

C. Enforcement of the AUCL344

1. Burden of Proof345

2. Statistics345

D. Relationship Between the AUCL and Other Laws348

Ⅱ. The Price Law and Regulations350

A. The Price Law351

B. Penalties for Violations of the Price Law352

C. Other Implementing Regulations and Rules Under the Price Law353

D. Administrative Enforcement of the Price Law355

Ⅲ. Bidding Law357

A. Provisions of the Bidding Law358

B. Enforcement359

Ⅳ. Contract Law361

Ⅴ. Foreign Trade Law365

A. Foreign Trade Law365

B. Regulation on Administration of Import and Export of Technologies (RAIET)367

Ⅵ. Patent Law368

TABLE OF ANNEXES371

TABLE OF CASES555

INDEX561